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Covariance Calculator — Sample & Population Covariance with Correlation

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Covariance basis X values Paste a spreadsheet column or a comma/space/new-line separated list. Invalid tokens are rejected.Y values Paste a spreadsheet column or a comma/space/new-line separated list. Invalid tokens are rejected.Displayed precision

Calculated result

Sample covariance = 8.4

Pairs n: 6

Mean X / Y: 6 / 5

Σ cross-deviations: 42

SD X / Y on matching basis: 2.8983 / 2.8983

Pearson correlation: 1

Cross-deviation audit

#	X	Y	X−mean	Y−mean	Cross product
1	2	1	-4	-4	16
2	4	3	-2	-2	4
3	5	4	-1	-1	1
4	7	6	1	1	1
5	8	7	2	2	4
6	10	9	4	4	16

Show the working

1. Compute x̄ = 6 and ȳ = 5.
2. For each pair multiply (x−x̄)(y−ȳ), then sum: 42.
3. Sample covariance divides by n−1 = 5: 42 ÷ 5 = 8.4.

Covariance magnitude depends on the units and scale of both variables. Use correlation when you need a standardized association measure.

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