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Rayleigh Number Calculator — Natural Convection Regime

Calculate Rayleigh number from Grashof and Prandtl numbers or from fluid properties for buoyancy-driven convection.

Last updated: September 17, 2026

Results

Enter non-negative Grashof and Prandtl numbers

Formula, example and assumptions

Ra=Gr·Pr=gβΔTL³/(να)·Pr.

Gr=1,000,000 and Pr=0.71 gives Ra=710,000.

  • Property-based mode assumes positive transport properties.
  • Transition thresholds depend on geometry and boundary conditions.

Frequently asked questions

What does Rayleigh number describe?

It compares buoyancy-driven transport with viscous and thermal diffusion effects.

How is Ra related to Pr?

Rayleigh number equals Grashof number multiplied by Prandtl number.

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