MAXScanner engineering calculator
RMS Voltage Calculator — Sine, Square, Triangle, Sawtooth & Rectified
Convert peak voltage to RMS for common ideal waveforms and show peak-to-peak and crest factor instead of assuming every AC signal is sinusoidal.
Results
RMS voltage 229.8097 V
Peak voltage 325 V
Peak-to-peak 650 V
Crest factor 1.414214
Formula, example and limits
Sine Vrms=Vp/√2; square Vrms=Vp; triangle/sawtooth Vrms=Vp/√3; half-wave sine Vrms=Vp/2.
325 V peak sine is about 229.8 V RMS and 650 V peak-to-peak.
- Waveforms are ideal, centered on zero and use the entered peak magnitude.
- Distortion, clipping, harmonics and DC offset change RMS and should be measured or integrated from the actual waveform.
Frequently asked questions
Why is RMS lower than peak for a sine wave?
RMS represents equivalent heating power over the cycle; a sine spends most of its time below its peak.
Is peak-to-peak always twice peak?
For a symmetric zero-centered waveform, yes. Signals with DC offset need separate positive and negative extrema.